Сучасні стратегії профілактики та лікування вірусу папіломи людини
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Основний зміст сторінки статті
Анотація
Вірус папіломи людини (ВПЛ) є одним із найпоширеніших збудників інфекцій, що передаються статевим шляхом, із доведеною роллю високоонкогенних типів у розвитку раку шийки матки, аногенітальних та орофарингеальних новоутворень. Попри наявність ефективних профілактичних вакцин, висока поширеність ВПЛ-інфекцій, обмежена доступність імунопрофілактики в окремих регіонах і відсутність специфічної противірусної терапії зумовлюють необхідність удосконалення стратегій профілактики та лікування.
Проведено аналіз сучасних підходів до профілактики та лікування ВПЛ-інфекції з акцентом на ефективність вакцинації, можливості терапевтичних втручань, а також роль інтерферонотерапії, зокрема інтерферону (ІФН)-α-2b, як перспективного імуномодулювального засобу.
У роботі здійснено аналітичний огляд актуальних публікацій, клінічних настанов, рекомендацій Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я (World Health Organization – WHO), Центрів із контролю та профілактики захворювань США (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC), Європейського центру профілактики та контролю захворювань (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control – ECDC), а також результатів рандомізованих клінічних досліджень, присвячених профілактиці й лікуванню ВПЛ-інфекції. Розглянуто доказову базу ефективності вакцинації, методів локальної деструкції, імуностимулювальної терапії та застосування ІФН.
Профілактична вакцинація залишається найефективнішим інструментом запобігання інфекції, зумовленій високонебезпечними типами ВПЛ, а також асоційованим неопластичним ураженням. У лікуванні ВПЛ-індукованих змін використовують хірургічні та деструктивні методи, імуномодулювальні засоби, а також експериментальні терапевтичні вакцини, які перебувають на завершальних стадіях клінічних випробувань. ІФН-α-2b як імуномодулятор продемонстрував здатність сприяти регресії цервікальної інтраепітеліальної неоплазії та зниженню частоти рецидивів у пацієнток із персистувальною ВПЛ-інфекцією.
Сучасні стратегії профілактики та лікування ВПЛ мають бути комплексними, охоплюючи вакцинацію, скринінг, своєчасне виявлення уражень і персоналізовану терапію, зокрема із залученням імуностимулювальних засобів. Подальші дослідження ефективності інтерферонотерапії, зокрема ІФН-α-2b, є актуальними для розширення терапевтичного арсеналу у веденні пацієнтів із ВПЛ-інфекцією.
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Посилання
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